What is magnetic acceleration, magnetic reconnection, and magnetic turbulence?

This picture shows a form of magnetic acceleration. This is a picture of Cassiopeia A where the X-ray emission has electrons that are accelerated along magnetic field lines. The brighter parts of the picture indicate acceleration that is almost as fast as theoretically possible.

Picture from Chandra X-Ray Observatory from Harvard University

The process of separator magnetic reconnection is shown below. Plasma flows in from two sides of the magnetic field and eventually reconfigures the magnetic field to cause the magnetic field lines to spring outward in the other two directions.

(From Answers.com)

This picture shows how solar wind comes into direct contact with the Earth's magnetosphere, eventually causing magnetic turbulence to occur.

(From the European Space Agency)

Importance of Acceleration, Reconnection and Turbulence

Magnetic Acceleration

Magnetic acceleration is the acceleration of charged particles in the magnetosphere. This is important because it is a direct result of the magnetic force resulting from the magnetosphere that starts in the Earth's core and extends throughout the Earth.

Magnetic Reconnection

Magnetic reconnection is important because it often results in plasma breaking off the magnetosphere and potentially being directed towards our planet. Reconnection tends to cause the Aurora Borealis, or the Northern Lights, and the Aurora Australis, or the Southern Lights. Magnetic reconnection is also important because it can redirect the solar wind that is directed at the Earth's magnetosphere.

Magnetic Turbulence

Magnetic turbulence is important because it raises concerns about the safety of astronauts on spacewalks and spaceships that are in orbit. It is also a concern for electronic things on Earth, such as GPS systems and radio communications, that can be disrupted by the turbulence in the atmosphere.